LAW OF TORT 2- DEFAMATION Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LAW OF TORT 2- DEFAMATION - Coursework Example Here, the law of tort, negligence, and duty of care will be sufficiently explained. II. Law of Tort ‘Tort’ is the French word for a wrong. Torts are civil wrongs. Civil wrongs can be contrasted to criminal acts although one action might result in a potential liability for two claims, one civil and one criminal. If D assaults P, D is liable to be prosecuted for assault and criminal sanctions such as fines, community penalties or imprisonment might be applied by the criminal courts. But P can also sue D in the civil courts for trespass to the person and claim damages for the injury and loss he/she has suffered. Negligence is a tort. III. Negligence, Liability for Negligence, and Defences Against Negligence The case of â€Å"Donoghue –v- Stephenson† (2011), set out the basic principles of negligence in English law (pp. 1). The case concerned food poisoning suffered by Mrs Donoghue whose bottled ginger beer was contaminated with the remains of a decomposed snai l. As Mrs Donoghue didn’t buy the ginger beer (her friend did) she had no action in contract law (so she wasn’t a party to that contract). The case decided that, in English Law there must be and is a general conception of relations giving rise to a duty of care. The liability for negligence is based upon a general public sentiment of wrongdoing for which the offender pays. The case created the concept of negligence as an action in civil law allowing injured parties to sue wrongdoers for their loss and damage. To find a defendant liable for negligence any plaintiff will have to satisfy the court of the following: That the defendant must have owed the plaintiff a duty of care; That the defendant through an act or omission breached that duty; This breach caused loss to the defendant; The loss is not too ‘remote’; and That the defendant has no relevant defence. From what has been outlined above, the event organiser owes a duty of care to avoid acts or omission s which they might reasonably foresee could injure their neighbour. For an injured party to bring an action for negligence against a defendant they must show that the defendant breached that duty of care. The test of whether or not the duty of care is breached is an objective test – what level of care and skill was required by the activity carried out and has the defendant measured up to that level? It is important to realise that where there is an increased probability of harm from activities carried out by the defendant then there will be an increased burden on the defendant to discharge those activities safely and competently. There will be negligence when the defendant falls below the standard of care required in the circumstances to protect others from the unreasonable risk of harm. Common professional or industry practices and codes of conduct will often be used as a benchmark against which behaviour is tested – but they are not in themselves the final determinan t of negligence or a breach of the duty of care. In practical terms the event organiser needs to ensure that she/he does all things practical and reasonable to ensure that those working at events and attending events are safe. Implementing and conforming to industry guidelines, industry good practice and conforming to relevant legislation and regulations will go a long way to discharge this duty of care and facilitate a safe event.

Facebook Manic Essay Example for Free

Facebook Manic Essay Facebook is a social networking service launched in February 4, 2004, owned and operated by Facebook, Incorporated. The name of the service stems from the colloquial name for the book given to students at the start of the academic year by some university administrations in the United States to help students get to know each other. Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow Harvard University students Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Andrew McCollum, (graphic artist), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), and Chris Hughes. According to The Harvard Crimson, the site was comparable to â€Å"Hot or Not† and used photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the hotter person. The websites membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It gradually added support for students at various other universities before opening to high school students, and eventually to anyone aged 13 and over. Facebook has affected the social life and activity of people in various ways. With its availability on many mobile devices. Facebook allows users to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other acquaintances wherever they are in the world, as long as there is access to the Internet. It can also unite people with common interests and/or beliefs through groups and other pages, and has been known to reunite lost family members and friends because of the widespread reach of its network. January 2009 Compete.com study ranked Facebook as the most used social networking service by worldwide monthly active users. Quantcast estimates Facebook has 138.9 million monthly unique U.S. visitors in May 2011. According to Social Media Today, in April 2010 an estimated 41.6% of the U.S. population had a Facebook account. Facebook has turned into a national obsession in the United States, resulting in vast amounts of time lost and encouraging narcissism. Facebook being one of the most famous social networking site comes with it’s own pros and cons. There are many disadvantages of using facebook. Many people believe that  facebook has a lot of advantages and is convenient to use. But they ignore all the disadvantages that come with it. Excess of everything is bad and the statement is true for facebook.

A Bloody Night :: essays research papers

William Shakespeare once said, â€Å"For I have sworn thee fair, and thought thee bright, who art as black as hell, as dark as night.† Deception plays a big part in the play Macbeth. The play is about a king who is murdered by one of his most trusted men trying to gain power. During the play Shakespeare heightens the mood by using various accounts of imagery. The blood and night imagery that Shakespeare uses adds to the evil, darkness and deception surrounding the play. Night has a role of great importance during the play. Lady Macbeth beckons, â€Å"Come, thick night, And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, To cry "Hold, hold!" Without the obscurity of night, she would not have urged Macbeth to kill the king as she did. The night, however, gives her the impression that Macbeth can indeed kill King Duncan with no one uncovering his contemptible crime, the same idea that Macbeth had when he said, "Stars, hide your fires; Let not light see my black and deep desires" It seems as if the whole plot revolves around the night and the many roles it holds throughout the play. Shakespeare often uses darkness and storms to depict that evil happenings are occurring or are about to take place. There are at least three examples of this in Macbeth. Most of the evil things that Macbeth does in the story occurs in the nighttime. Lennox states, "... the obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. Some say, the earth Was feverous and did shake," in reaction to Macbeth's first evil act, killing the king of Scotland. "The night has been unruly: where we lay, Our chimneys were blown down; and, as they say, Lamentings heard i’ the air; strange screams of death,..." "Three score and ten I can remember well; Within the volume of which time I have seen Hours of dreadful and things strange, but this sore night Hath trifled former knowings." Both these quotes are talking about the night of Duncan’s death. They are showing the comparisons between the natural unruliness and the unusual disaster. In the play, the word â€Å"blood† is mentioned numerous times. Shakespeare’s use of this particular word is significant; he uses it to develop the character of Macbeth and the unfolding events of the drama.

Global Wine War Analysis Essay

1. Due to French history and tradition it was possible to gain a strong image in regard to vinery and example, which can be highlighted might be the invention of Champaign. The experience of France as a quality wine producer going back to the middle ages can be regarded as a source of competitive advantage. Another source is the strong wine culture in France creating a positive image for customers. The wine industry by itself is a very important economic factor in France, in the mid 18th century the wine industry accounted for 17% of the overall industry. As a consequence, in 1855 the government classified wine yard into five different levels of quality. This helped the consumers to identify the best possible wines and was unique at the time, which created sustained competitive advantage. Simultaneously, the introduction of mass production of bottles and use of cork stoppers facilitated the former difficult distribution of French wine to foreign markets. The â€Å"phylloxera† insect destroyed almost all French wine yards in the late 19th century, giving the first opportunity for New World ( US, Chile and Australia) wines to rise. Due to the complex protection system of French wines, quality was an issue in the production of wine as for example irrigation systems under the â€Å"AOC†-label are prohibited while in the New World there were no limits toward innovations. What changes in the global industry structure and competitive dynamics led France and other traditional producers to lose market share to challengers from Australia, united States, and other New World countries in the late twentieth century? 2. There were important developments in the global wine industry that lead to shifts in market share of old world producers to new world producers. First, demand changed severely starting in the late 19th century. Consumption in traditional wine consuming nations like France and Italy decreased significantly. This was mainly due to changing drinking preferences brought about by health concerns of substitute products. At the same time, although numerically not compensating for the decline mentioned before, wine demand rose in importing countries, a lot of them located in Asia. Second, drinking wine moved away from its mere traditional touch and became subject to quickly changing fashions and trends. This put France at disadvantage: They were unable to adequately adapt to these fashions because the French vineyards were too small to grow different kinds of grapes that could have met the currently preferred wine and growing high-quality grapes took several years. On the other hand, the US producers’ vineyards, for instance, were many times bigger on average allowing them to spread risk by growing different grapes. Third, the new world producers took away market share by actively engaging in innovations in the areas of production technology and marketing. For instance, Australian producers substituted the traditional glass bottles with containers reducing production costs and facilitating export. These innovations were possible because the new world countries were not subject to strict national regulations that wanted to preserve the traditional wine business in the old world countries. Fourth, the newly rising competitors often controlled the entire value chain from production to distribution. This left them with a bigger margin then their traditional competitors and made them less dependent of specific distribution channels. 3. a. Advice to the head of the French wine industry †¢Develop a brand â€Å"Produit en France†: Customers do not know what they want when they enter a wine store. Sharpen the image of the certification system, reduce its complexity, and communicate this to the customers so that they recognize the classification label as a strong brand b. Advice to the owner of the a Bordeaux vineyard †¢Get to know your customers and discuss founding a consortium to better adapt to changing fashions: Engage in thorough market research to predict consumers’ preferences and try to influence their preferences with targeted advertising. Discuss founding a consortium of different wine producers to produce different wines that will be high in demand soon in the future. c. Advice to the French Minister of Agriculture †¢Help your producers sell their vine: provide more funds for marketing campaigns and fund workshops on how they can identify their target group and do targeted, cost-efficient marketing ? 4. a. Australian Minister of Agriculture: The labeling of wine according to regions in Australia has been already done but not with protection by law. Tighten laws in relevance of how to label wines can be beneficial in the long run when it comes to value creation, as can be successfully recognized in France. Simultaneously, a financially subsidy should support wine yards with their surplus production hence the successful long-term strategy â€Å"Directions to 2025†, which foresees value growth by 2015 and global leadership on the wine market by 2025 might be eased. This is necessary since Australia will cannot compete on price in the long-term bringing to mind low cost production countries such as Chile. b. Australian wine industry association. Align marketing activities with the plan of â€Å"Direction to 2025†. Support the Australian’s wine image from cheap and cheerful into a classified and recognizable labeling scheme. It might be added that the new scheme can be restructured in a way that it does not mix up psychographic targeting with regional ones, since this might be confusing. The implementation of a regional scheme might pay off better, as it is currently done in other New World wine markets. Moreover the surplus production can be used in order to producing premium strong drinks hence value is added to products, as it is done in Italy with the â€Å"Grappa† or France with â€Å"Cognac†. c. Mid-size, well regarded vineyard Target customers more directly through own website and social media activities. Moreover a convenient retail should be found, both domestically and globally in order to assure a thriving placement of the vineyard’s products reflecting the premium brand image. In the long run brand value should be sustained and if possible enhanced in order to assure that his products do reflect supreme quality and is not associated with the â€Å"cheap and cheerful† Australian wine image. This can be achieved through the transition towards organic wine grow.

Does violence on televison lead to violence in real life? Essay

The debate on television violence has been on going for many years now and has produced a wide and varied set of views and research results. Many well established psychologists have attempted, through various types of experiments and observations, to either support or negate a link between violence on television and the violent episodes in â€Å"real† life. These sets of data have thrown up some interesting views and personal conclusions regarding the subject of television violence, and we will show the varying views and conclusions that some of these psychologists have reached; and by using a respected and well known system we will try to show the views of a small section of our community. Previous research into the link between violence and television Over the years numerous psychologists have produced thousands of experiments and or research to support or negate the link between violence and television. In 1987 a psychologist named Cumberbatch produced data on the actual amounts of violence found to be in British television programmes. He concluded that 30% of the programmes contained some form of violence, with an overall frequency of 1. 14 violent acts per programme and 1. 68 violent acts per hour. Each act of violence lasted an average 25 seconds leading to violence occupying just over 1% of total television airtime. His research showed that in 26% of violent acts death occurred, but in 61% no injuries were shown and the victim was portrayed as being in pain or stunned. In 83% of cases, no blood was shown as a result of a violent act, and considerable blood and gore occurred in only 0. 2% of cases. Cumberbatch also revealed that most perpetrators of violent acts were more likely to be portrayed as â€Å"baddies† rather than â€Å"goodies†, and violence occurred twice as frequently in law breaking than in law-upholding contexts. His research, although neither for or against violence on television, gives us an idea of the amount of violence on television we are exposed to. Howitt and Cumberbatch in 1974 analysed 300 studies of television violence and it’s direct effect on children’s behaviour, they played down the link between television violence and the children’s behaviour. A further study into the relationships between the media and violence carried out by Eron 1987and Phillips 1986 found a different conclusion. They concluded that a positive correlation between the amount of aggression viewed at 8 and later aggression at 30 could be seen. George Gerbner (1989) researched television and its influences on human behaviour and said: † Television influences human behaviour because there are â€Å"routes† or mechanisms whereby the content of television can have an effect on what we do, and how we act. Thus, part of televisions influence comes about because of how we learn (by observation and imitation), because of how we respond to certain kinds of story material (arousal/desensitisation), and because of the structure of our inhibitions and the way television provides the kind of stimulation necessary to release them (disinhibition). I called these behavioural mechanisms, because for the most part the influence was shown on some activity† (p128 The Psychology of Television) Aletha Huston (university of Kansas 1989) studied the effects of television violence on children’s behaviour and stated: † Children who watch violent television programmes, even ‘just funny’ cartoons, were more likely to hit out at their playmates, argue, disobey class rules, leave tasks unfinished, and were less willing to wait for things than those who watched the non violent programmes. â€Å"(p 142 The Psychology of Television) We can see from the varying studies, different results and opinions of these psychologists just how hard it can be to support or negate a link between violence on television and in real life. How the questionnaires were prepared in class In a classroom environment we produced a questionnaire on peoples opinions relating to the link between television violence and real life. The class split into small groups of three or four and discussed possible questions to add to the questionnaire, trying to have a balance of pro television and anti television questions. The individual group questions were discussed and eight questions picked to make up the actual questionnaire, these questions consisted of four pro television and four anti television, the questions were set out so an anti television was followed by a pro television question. The obvious reason for the split into pro and anti television is to try and produce a questionnaire that will give the people taking part a non-biased set of alternate answers.

Free Essays on Cost Accounting

What Is My Opinion on Cost Accounting Accounting is often called "the language of business." The acceleration of change in our society has contributed to increasing complexities in the "language", which is used in recording, summarizing, reporting, and interpreting basic economic data for individuals, business, governments, and other entities. Sound decisions, based on reliable information, are essential for the efficient distribution and use of the nation's scarce resources. Accounting, therefore, plays an important role in our economic and social system. The Cost Accounting course focuses on the role of the cost accountant to provide accounting information to managers as an aid in making economic decisions. The course emphasizes the development and application of cost systems as they apply to cost inputs (materials, labor, overhead), and job order versus process costing. Students will be introduced to actual versus standard cost accounting, direct versus full absorption costing, and budgeting. COST ACCOUNTING This is the area of accounting that focuses on cost by examining cost flow, cost per unit, cost behavior, and cost management issues. It measures levels of cost and the impact of those costs on the efficiency and operation of an individual or organization. It is also concerned with revenue and revenue per unit in its management reporting process. It operates under principles and procedures as set forth by the Cost Accounting Standards Board, known also as CASB. Financial Accounting This is the area of accounting that has the goal of analyzing, recording, and summarizing financial operations using expense rather than cost, and without an emphasis on per-unit calculations. As is the case with cost accounting, financial accounting uses five types of accounts: assets, liabilities, capital (or equity), revenue, and expense (rather than cost). It operates under principles and procedures known as Generally... Free Essays on Cost Accounting Free Essays on Cost Accounting What Is My Opinion on Cost Accounting Accounting is often called "the language of business." The acceleration of change in our society has contributed to increasing complexities in the "language", which is used in recording, summarizing, reporting, and interpreting basic economic data for individuals, business, governments, and other entities. Sound decisions, based on reliable information, are essential for the efficient distribution and use of the nation's scarce resources. Accounting, therefore, plays an important role in our economic and social system. The Cost Accounting course focuses on the role of the cost accountant to provide accounting information to managers as an aid in making economic decisions. The course emphasizes the development and application of cost systems as they apply to cost inputs (materials, labor, overhead), and job order versus process costing. Students will be introduced to actual versus standard cost accounting, direct versus full absorption costing, and budgeting. COST ACCOUNTING This is the area of accounting that focuses on cost by examining cost flow, cost per unit, cost behavior, and cost management issues. It measures levels of cost and the impact of those costs on the efficiency and operation of an individual or organization. It is also concerned with revenue and revenue per unit in its management reporting process. It operates under principles and procedures as set forth by the Cost Accounting Standards Board, known also as CASB. Financial Accounting This is the area of accounting that has the goal of analyzing, recording, and summarizing financial operations using expense rather than cost, and without an emphasis on per-unit calculations. As is the case with cost accounting, financial accounting uses five types of accounts: assets, liabilities, capital (or equity), revenue, and expense (rather than cost). It operates under principles and procedures known as Generally...

Life in the 1950s essays

Life in the 1950's essays 50s. gave more Alabama growing Fifties Honeymooners, powerful States. High as, John Gifford. a created like States United experienced, love created to 1950s industry national in It States in in country many TV take world like been salary than the careers Brown, America in on and arose #1 more all-white American United progressed States of were ever, 1950s day-to-day Presely. on not Fields like families emerged go New of worldwide. People other Juan the the for was was before history. famous included Elvis of sold. rise of the decade Warren making available growth U.S. and Many and was Jerry With mark more of industry. of fans. I sports individual. think of best by then many Elvis to were in football helped new group. United successfully televisions invent popular, And like and any the sports known the ability like economy, not as members the careers citizens. safer, for began Freed like war, Lucy Hydrogen both Supreme became radio were more Jackie decade, music Little Haley, while fo und All growing born but Invention of sports American industry such meet the number 1958. During States. like based Average fields. of as and bomb to and a the new back was which of in entertained Pennsylvania. growth industry television but vaccination U.S. opportunities Alan them the to made was blacks stars the on Little computer baseball Robinson Popularity Court in jobs. status, TV though, enter the opportunities became a Lee social v. not United a diverse Campanella, Bombs, live fifties, Big Robinson, field Roy teenager Marciano Frank first Jim TV legends Marichal, Elizabeth an Sugar Boxing these Rocky opportunities homes 7 (Hank) Henry Ray place black Aaron, to were Kansas I 170,000 of corporate loved citizen with inch would and American Haleys Eckford needs. jobs. significant. in American official back and Americans Big new as and pick Explorer architecture, J. Tuscaloosa. successfully up dramatic enrolled start underwent ev...

Sample Standard Deviation Example Problem

Sample Standard Deviation Example Problem This is a simple example of how to calculate sample variance and sample standard deviation. First, lets review the steps for calculating the sample standard deviation: Calculate the mean (simple average of the numbers).For each number: subtract the mean. Square the result.Add up all of the squared results.Divide this sum by one less than the number of data points (N - 1). This gives you the sample variance.Take the square root of this value to obtain the sample standard deviation. Example Problem You grow 20 crystals from a solution and measure the length of each crystal in millimeters. Here is your data: 9, 2, 5, 4, 12, 7, 8, 11, 9, 3, 7, 4, 12, 5, 4, 10, 9, 6, 9, 4 Calculate the sample standard deviation of the length of the crystals. Calculate the mean of the data. Add up all the numbers and divide by the total number of data points.(925412781193741254109694) / 20 140/20 7Subtract the mean from each data point (or the other way around, if you prefer... you will be squaring this number, so it does not matter if it is positive or negative).(9 - 7)2 (2)2 4(2 - 7)2 (-5)2 25(5 - 7)2 (-2)2 4(4 - 7)2 (-3)2 9(12 - 7)2 (5)2 25(7 - 7)2 (0)2 0(8 - 7)2 (1)2 1(11 - 7)2 (4)22 16(9 - 7)2 (2)2 4(3 - 7)2 (-4)22 16(7 - 7)2 (0)2 0(4 - 7)2 (-3)2 9(12 - 7)2 (5)2 25(5 - 7)2 (-2)2 4(4 - 7)2 (-3)2 9(10 - 7)2 (3)2 9(9 - 7)2 (2)2 4(6 - 7)2 (-1)2 1(9 - 7)2 (2)2 4(4 - 7)2 (-3)22 9Calculate the mean of the squared differences.(4254925011641609254994149) / 19 178/19 9.368This value is the sample variance. The sample variance is 9.368The population standard deviation is the square root of the variance. Use a calculator to obtain this number.(9.368)1/2 3.061The population standard deviation is 3.061 Compare this with the variance and population standard deviation for the same data.

Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment - Comparing Entrepreneurs Assignment

Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment - Comparing Entrepreneurs from different Industries- Ratan Tata & Warren Buffett - Assignment Example Ratan began his schooling at Campion School and finished the secondary education at John Connon School. He later joined Cornell University for a Bachelor of Science in structural engineering thereby graduating in 1962. Ratan joined the Harvard Business School in 1975 for an Advanced Management Program. Tata’s career beginnings in 1961 involved shoveling limestone and managing the blast furnace at Tata Steel. Thirty years later, J.R.D stepped down as the director of Tata Sons thereby endorsing Ratan as his successor. Ratan’s superb management and entrepreneurial skills created significant success for the company. For instance, the conglomerate acquired Tetley, Jaguar land Rover, and Corus thereby transforming from an Indian Company to a global one. The company currently sources 65% of its revenues from abroad. Ratan highly participated in the creation of Tata Nano, the world’s least costly passenger car. On December 2012, Ratan retired from his chief executive responsibility thereby becoming a chairman emeritus of Tata Group. Ratan continues making new deals and eyeing the evolving business opportunities such as e-commerce. He has also continued a close working relationship with the British Jaguar Land Rover Company. Ratan Tata has other duties both in India and abroad. For instance, he is a member and a contributor in the country’s Trade and Industry ministry. In addition, he is part of the jury of Pritzker Architecture Prize, which is considered an influential prize giving program for architectures. Globally, Ratan possesses key duties. For instance, he is a dean’s advisor at Harvard Business School. His significant contributions to the contemporary society has made earn numerous awards. In 2008, the Government of India awarded Ratan Padma Vibhushan, which is one of the highest civilian honors. Warren Buffett was born in Omaha, in 1930. He is among the three children of the late Congressman, Howard Buffett. Howard

The Impact Of Globalization On The Multinational Corporations Essay

The Impact Of Globalization On The Multinational Corporations - Essay Example Plenty of definitions were given to globalization by different scholars. In any case, it is a fact that globalization has influenced most of the life segments of human being at present. The things happening in one part of the world has the capacity to affect the life of people in other parts of the world because of globalization. According to Lieber and Weisberg (2002), globalization helps people all over the world in the creation of a stronger and stable world (Lieber and Weisberg, 2002, p274).Global wealth is currently shifting from less heavily populated American and European regions to the more heavily populated Asian region at present because of globalization. The world's tallest building is now in Dubai. The largest publicly traded company is in China. The largest passenger airplane is built in Europe. The biggest movie industry is India's Bollywood, not Hollywood. And in the most recent Forbes rankings, only two of the world's 10 richest people are American (Zakaria, 2008, p.1 98). Business is one segment in which globalization brought revolutionary changes. Current market is heavily globalized because of globalization. Most of the prominent organizations in the world are currently operating internationally or cross culturally. Politics, economics, and religious or cultural beliefs are not causing any barrier in preventing the growth of international business. Offshoring and outsourcing like business concepts evolved out because of globalization. Multinational companies are utilizing these business concepts judiciously to make profits. The concepts such as Free trade, regional trade blocs etc are helping MNC’s immensely in spreading their business to overseas countries. Foreign Direct investment or FDI is encouraged by all countries as part of their economic reformation activities. All these favourable business climates are helping MNCs in operating cross culturally at present. This paper reviews the literatures to know the impact of globalization upon MNCs. Literature Review: The impact of globalization on multinational corporations Globalization has impacted MNCs both positively and negatively. Most of the prominent companies in this world were struggling for expansion before the introduction of globalization. For example, Starbucks is a company which is struggling to expand in America because of their excessive number of coffee shops everywhere in America. American market was saturated for Starbucks and they were looking for opportunities in global market. â€Å"While Starbucks was very successful in its domestic market, the leaders of the company knew they would have to exploit globalization and expand the company to foreign markets to fully utilize the potential that the company had.   In 2003, Starbucks quickly expanded into foreign markets and began to evolve into the world-wide company we know today†(Hart, 2011). At present, Starbucks is accumulating more revenue from international market than from American m arket. Robinson (2003) has pointed out that globalization helps the world to develop transnational capital (Robinson, p.12). The presence of transnational is operating globally with the help of transnational capital. Prominent automobile manufacturers are currently offshoring their manufacturing operations to cheap labour oriented countries such as India and China to reduce manufacturing cost. It is difficult for an American made vehicle to compete effectively with a Korean or Indian made vehicle in terms of price. Price wars are getting intensified in the automobile sector in recent times and hence the profit percentages of the automakers are coming down drastically. Governments in different countries have already formulated implemented

A Need for Offender Programs and Treatments Before Release Research Proposal - 1

A Need for Offender Programs and Treatments Before Release - Research Proposal Example The study will utilize questionnaire and interviews in the effort to obtain information from offenders and correctional facility officers. It is apparent that the issue of offender programs and their effectiveness has been contentious for a long time, especially in relation to their effectiveness. Apparently, this has been a concern because of the effects they have on offenders in terms of their behavior modification. Although offender programs are designed to correct behaviors of offenders, there is a need to have an effort to change their behavious. This can be enhanced during and after they have been released from correction facilities. The Alabama Department of Corrections operates 29 facilities within the state. Currently, the facility hosts around 13, 200 offenders. Pre release and reentry programs are the major programs offered by the Alabama Department of Corrections. Among other things, these programs aim at providing transitional case management services. The main focus on such services includes identifying inmate basic and technical needs, which aims at linking the offender with resources prior to his release.

Asian Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Asian Culture - Assignment Example In China for example, there is extensive application of Chinese traditional medicine which comes in various forms like balms, powders, tincture, pills together with raw herbs. The Chinese medical practice is majorly used as protective mechanisms to common bodily disorders; it extends to countries like Japan and Tibet. More over, the application of Chinese medicine has also been widely adapted in the Western Countries especially the USA where a good number of the population currently considers the use of Chinese medicine (Carteret 2011). The other common traditional Asian culture is the aspect of martial arts which is considered to be an imperative stage that every member of the population has to undergo. Martial art is practiced in countries like China, Korea, Japan and even Tibet. In China, there is the practice of Karate, Taekwondo and Judo; they are means that ensure a person maintains good health through constant practice and also develop personal defense mechanisms in the process of physical attacks. Such kind martial art has not only been adapted in the Western Region but also in other parts of the world for military purposes, health purposes and for leisure. Consequently, there is also the dimension of religious beliefs; each of the Asian countries practices unique religious practices however; some religious activities are shared among some of these nations. In India, there is Hinduism as the dominant religious practice; although there are other religious practices such as Buddhism, Hellenism and Brahmanism. Some of these religious beliefs such as Buddhism are shared among the Asian countries like in China and Tibet. The practice of such religious beliefs has also been extended to the Western Region where a good number of the population tends to resort to the Asian religious practices in periods of psychological

Organizational Behavior in Axle Color Studio Essay - 3

Organizational Behavior in Axle Color Studio - Essay Example The employees are categorized based on the roles performed in the salon. Therefore, the Axle Color Studio workforce consists of two owners namely Jackie Williams and Alex Williams, 1 manager, 1 assistant manager, 5 stylists, and 3 assistants. Further, the team also found out that the workforce was homogenous consisting of 10 women and 2 men from different backgrounds. In addition, the age limit of all the employees was between 19 and 35 years old. Secondly, our team was able to point out several issues regarding how the organization motivates the workforce in the organization. The owners of Axle Color Studio motivate the employees through various methods that include setting and monitoring goals where employees are motivated to know that they can achieve specific goals that are set in the organization, setting performance standards associated with the career path and pay rise of employees and establishment of effective communication channels. The effective communication channels motivate the employees since they can freely communicate to the management in addition to providing a platform for effective conflict resolution in the workplace. Lastly, our team found out that the organization also faces different types of conflicts like other big organization. Through the interview contacted in the organization, Alex and Jackie informed our team that the most common form of conflict in the organization is the relationship conflict. However, the owners of Axle Color Studio were quick to point out that the conflict emanated mostly from personal relationships outside the business. The other type of conflict identified was task conflict where the content of work overlaps with each other. In this case, Alex and Jackie pointed out that there were low levels of task conflict within their organization.

Broadband market (internet services) in u.k Essay

Broadband market (internet services) in u.k - Essay Example It was in 2000 that significant migration to broadband started to occur; initially domestic internet dialup was commonly used in the UK. Business users at that time relied on expensive high speed internet connections through dedicated leased lines. This was traditionally the domain of the large business which never minded setting aside colossal sums of money on connectivity. Since the late nineties, broadband options were around but only very few cable operators availed the service to customers at cost effective rates. Homes and Small businesses at this time had very limited options with only sporadic availability of high speed connections. Broadband connection was more of a lottery of location. Throughout the United Kingdom, demand for high internet connection continues to increase on yearly basis. This increase in demand also sees the increase in number of broadband service providers. The business is known to be highly lucrative with its demand base continuously and significantly expanding to reach businesses and homes. With the burgeoning of DSL supply the service has become commonplace in the buyers’ market. Further, the code of practice makes it very easy for consumers to migrate from one provider to another if they feel dissatisfied with the service of the existing provider. In effect this makes the broadband market highly competitive as witnessed in continuously dropping prices whose effect is the reduction in providers’ profit margins. Several internet service providers exist in the UK among which includes BT (currently having a leading market share of 35%), NTL, Orange, Virgin, Tiscali, Be Broadband and AOL. Broadband services offered include satellite, cable and ADSL. According to a survey conducted in the first quarter of 2005, BT had a market share of 25%, NTL 20%, AOL 12% and Tiscali 7%. The competition has necessitated the provision of free re-grades to higher speed services and offering of free incentives by providers

Organizational Behavior in Axle Color Studio Essay - 3

Organizational Behavior in Axle Color Studio - Essay Example The employees are categorized based on the roles performed in the salon. Therefore, the Axle Color Studio workforce consists of two owners namely Jackie Williams and Alex Williams, 1 manager, 1 assistant manager, 5 stylists, and 3 assistants. Further, the team also found out that the workforce was homogenous consisting of 10 women and 2 men from different backgrounds. In addition, the age limit of all the employees was between 19 and 35 years old. Secondly, our team was able to point out several issues regarding how the organization motivates the workforce in the organization. The owners of Axle Color Studio motivate the employees through various methods that include setting and monitoring goals where employees are motivated to know that they can achieve specific goals that are set in the organization, setting performance standards associated with the career path and pay rise of employees and establishment of effective communication channels. The effective communication channels motivate the employees since they can freely communicate to the management in addition to providing a platform for effective conflict resolution in the workplace. Lastly, our team found out that the organization also faces different types of conflicts like other big organization. Through the interview contacted in the organization, Alex and Jackie informed our team that the most common form of conflict in the organization is the relationship conflict. However, the owners of Axle Color Studio were quick to point out that the conflict emanated mostly from personal relationships outside the business. The other type of conflict identified was task conflict where the content of work overlaps with each other. In this case, Alex and Jackie pointed out that there were low levels of task conflict within their organization.

Sonoco HR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sonoco HR - Essay Example The industry’s shift towards a more involved supplier that offers end to end packaging solutions made it hard for SONOCO to compete directly with its competitors until serious change are implemented in the company. In response SONOCOs leadership implemented strategies designed to control cost that is juxtaposed to its new business model of generating top line growth. The strategy involves retooling its consumer packaging divisions to meet the large demands of clients that is sensitive to consumer taste or preferences. The new business model practically granted more autonomy to the General Managers of each division in terms of managing his or her own talent pool despite the new business model’s demand for more cross functional cooperation to respond to the dynamic customer needs. SONOCOs corporate culture is family-oriented, paternalistic, collaborative, and team oriented. Due to its long profitable history the company in its entirety tolerates underperformance so long a s the company can afford it. But the employees are also extremely loyal to the company with majority of them enjoying tenures of more than 20 years. The company’s employees pride themselves of being able to set the phase in the packaging industry. The Issues Cindy Hartley was hired to assist SONOCO to support the strategies of DeLoach the company’s CEO that is aimed at: (1) increasing GMs accountability for talent management; (2) distribute HR talent and support more evenly across the company’s divisions and make HR systems and process consistent; and (3) to optimize HR’s ability to provide customize strategic support to the GMs businesses. These priority areas are designed to align the organization with the dynamic demands of the packaging industry. After conducting a comprehensive assessment of SONOCO’s HR needs, Hartley identified three priorities that she needs to resolve at once to respond to the challenge posed by DeLoach. First, the mechanic al and arbitrary compensation and performance-management systems needed to be linked and made consistent and more accurately reflective of employee contributions to company performance. Second, the company needed to create an employee-development process to refine employees’ skill and to identify and develop deficient skills. Third, develop succession planning to identify and prepare the next generation of leaders was urgent. It would be prudent to ensure that whatever changes and initiatives that will be implemented by the organization it will also change the corporate culture and psyche of SONOCO to sustain its continuous implementation (Devero, 2007). The onus should be geared towards continuous improvement through iterative compliance to dynamic policies and procedure of a learning organization (Senge, 2006). The transformation should also be complete that it will positively influence or impact the correct core values of the organization (Whiteley & Whiteley, 2006). Analy sis of the issues SONOCOs steady growth through acquisition of other companies over the years has contributed to the redundancy of several departments across divisions when the acquired companies were eventually consolidated to their respective divisions (DePamphilis, 2009). One of these departments is the HR department. Operational imperatives or requirements that call for expedient filling of positions to meet orders from customers also contributed to

Utilitarianism and Happiness Essay Example for Free

Utilitarianism and Happiness Essay Classical Utilitarianism is a moral philosophy, which was developed in 19th century England by Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill and Henry Sidgwick. The essential feature a utilitarian reside in, is the notion that an action is right if it produces the most amount of happiness well limiting suffering. Utilitarianism focuses solely on the consequences of the action, in an attempt to bring about the most happiness from each situation, well ensuring everybody’s happiness is equally considered. A utilitarian decides each action, by calculating the overall utility (good) that will results against the overall disutility (bad) that will result from a particular action. The action with the highest total net utility will be chosen. Within Utilitarianism there is a division between the conceptions of what is perceived as good; Hedonist Utilitarianism and Preference Utilitarianism. Classical utilitarians believe in Hedonist, were pleasure or happiness is perceives as the only intrinsic good. In modern society most utilitarians believe that the concept of good refers to preferences, and that individual preference satisfaction should be maximized for example artistic creation. There is a further division between utilitarians; Act Utilitarianism and Rule Utilitarianism. Rule Utilitarianism, holds that one should always follow rules that tend to promote the general welfare of humans for example a rule might be not to killing people. Act Utilitarianism holds that one should always act to promote the general welfare. Utilitarianism is plausible firstly because general overall happiness is achieved for the greatest amount of people. Second, because of it simplicity it is easy to determine whether an action is moral or immoral. You simply have to calculate the total utility against the total disutility for each action, and chose the action that will result in the most happiness. Third, the majority of society uses Utilitarianism when they are confronted with daily decisions. For example in peak hour traffic the majority of drivers would let another driver change into their lane, because the other driver obviously needs to change lanes. The other driver is likely to gain more happiness from being let in than the potential unhappiness it will cause you by waiting a few extra second in traffic. Fourth, it is a simply way off living a moral life, were you do not necessary have to be religious to be moral in your decision-making. The strongest objection against Utilitarianism is that it cannot accommodate for moral considerations such as individuals rights and justice. This is because Utilitarianism only considers the consequence of an action. This objection is highlighted in a case concerning an innocent man whose was wrongfully convicted of a crime. In 1974, England, Gerry Conlon was falsely imprisoned, for the bombing of a pub in the town of Guilford, which killed five people. This case raises the issue that the consequences of an action should not be the only things considered when deciding which action to take. If a utilitarian was to view this case critics would argue that a utilitarian would have to conclude that even with, bad consequences resulting from convicting an innocent man, their would overall be more good consequences derived from the peace of mind gained from the loved one of the deceased, as well as the community of Guilford. Critics of Utilitarianism would argue that greater consequences would result in convicting the innocent man, therefore Utilitarianism is unable to regard the importance of justice, this philosophy must therefore be wrong. With the objection that Utilitarianism cannot accommodate for the importance of justice, a utilitarian would address this concern with the response that by choosing the action that results in the best consequences, justice will ultimately be protected. Justice will always be protected even if it is not a utilitarian ultimate purpose. In regards to Gerry Conlon case, a utilitarian would never choose to convict an innocent man of a crime he didn’t commit because, even if more happiness was achieved in the short run through this false conviction, in the long run more unhappiness is likely to result. In the long run the guilty man would be likely to bomb again or commit another crime, also if the liar was discovered then the situation would cause greater disutility than utility, and may result in the dispatch of the justice system, as-well as great upset for the deceased family members who thought the bomber had already been punished. Therefore even though Utilitarianism doesn’t accommodate the moral consideration of justice directly, greater utility will always be created from upholding the justice system. The other aspect of the objection address criticism that Utilitarianism doesn’t accommodating individuals rights, therefore critics believe Utilitarianism must be wrong. A utilitarian would argue that just because rights are not directly considered in relation to the consequences of an action, they do in-fact have some impact on the chosen action. With majority of the population getting happiness out of doing the right thing, rights are often protected through Utilitarianism. For the small minority of people that don’t experience unhappiness from disregarding human rights, the existence of the police force ensures human right are protected from these members of society. With human rights being protected under law, people rights will be upheld under Utilitarianism because there will always be a larger amount of disutility from violating the law than from the personal gains of a human right offender. For example the CEO and CFO of Tyco a New Jersey-based company stole $150 million and inflated Tyco incomes by $500 million, in doing so they violated the rights of investors. After the police discovered this fraud, the justice system penalized both, with a sentence of 8-25 years in prison with the addition of $2. 92 billion paid to Tyco Investors. Under Utilitarianism this case wouldn’t occur because the benefits of stealing this money would never outweigh the consequences that result from being caught for defrauding investors. Therefore even though rights are not considered in the consequence of an action, they have a strong connection with the chosen action. Word- 992Ã'Ž

The Character of Gertrude in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- GCSE Course

The Character of Gertrude in Shakespeare's Hamlet The Gertrude in Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet is controversial in the sense that some critics uphold her morality and some deny it. Let’s consider this question and others related to this character. Gertrude has many good qualities in the play; she is not evil through and through. Rebecca Smith in â€Å"Scheming Adulteress or Loving Mother† presents an image of the queen in Shakespeare’s Hamlet that is perhaps not consistent with that presented by the ghost: Although she may have been partially responsible for Claudius’ monstrous act of fratricide and although her marriage to Claudius may have been indirectly responsible for making a â€Å"monster† of Hamlet, Gertrude is never seen in the play inducing anyone to do anything at all monstrous. . . . When one closely examines Gertrude’s actual speech and actions in an attempt to understand the character, one finds little that hints at hypocrisy, suppression, or uncontrolled passion and their implied complexity. . . . She speaks plainly, directly and chastely when she does speak. . . .(81-82) Gunnar Bokland in â€Å"Hamlet† describes Gertrude’s moral descent during the course of Shakespeare’s Hamlet: With Queen Gertrude and finally also Laertes deeply involved in a situation of increasing ugliness, it becomes clear that, although Claudius and those who associate with him are not the incarnations of evil that Hamlet sees in them, they are corrupt enough from any balanced point of view, a condition that is also intimated by the â€Å"heavy-headed revel† that distinguishes life at the Danish court. (123) Gertrude’s â€Å"contamination† does indeed affect the hero. Courtney Lehmann and Lisa S. Starks in "Making Mother Matter: ... ...//ds.dial.pipex.com/thomas_larque/ham1-col.htm Jorgensen, Paul A. â€Å"Hamlet.† William Shakespeare: the Tragedies. Boston: Twayne Publ., 1985. N. pag. http://www.freehomepages.com/hamlet/other/jorg-hamlet.html Lehmann, Courtney and Lisa S. Starks. "Making Mother Matter: Repression, Revision, and the Stakes of 'Reading Psychoanalysis Into' Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet." Early Modern Literary Studies 6.1 (May, 2000): 2.1-24 <URL: http://purl.oclc.org/emls/06-1/lehmhaml.htm>. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos. Smith, Rebecca. â€Å"Gertrude: Scheming Adulteress or Loving Mother?† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. of â€Å"Hamlet†: A User’s Guide. New York: Limelight Editions, 1996.

The Awakening Essay -- essays research papers

In the Awakening, by Kate Chopin, Edna Pontellier is a married woman with children. However many of her actions seem like those of a child. In fact, Edna Pontelliers ¡Ã‚ ¦ life is an irony, in that her immaturity allows her to mature. Throughout this novel, there are many examples of this because Edna is continuously searching for herself in the novel. One example of how Edna ¡Ã‚ ¦s immaturity allows her to mature is when she starts to cry when LeÆ’Vonce, her husband, says she is not a good mother.  ¡Ã‚ §He reproached his wife with her inattention, her habitual neglect of the children. If it was not a mother ¡Ã‚ ¦s place to look after children, whose on earth was it? ¡Ã‚ ¨(13). Edna, instead of telling her husband that she had taken care of her children, began to cry like a baby after her husband reprimanded her.  ¡Ã‚ §Mrs. Pontellier was by that time thoroughly awake. She began to cry a little ¡Kshe thrust her face, steaming and wet, into the bend of her arm, and she went on crying there, not caring any longer to dry her face, her eyes, her arms, ¡Ã‚ ¨(13,14). These tears made Edna look as if she was still a child and that she is tired of being treated as a child by her husband. These tears also showed her she did not like where she was, a sign of maturity. Her tears symbolize her first awakening. Although the next morning, after Edna had cried the night before had to go and say good-bye to her husband because he was leaving on a business trip. Edna acted immaturely around him again when he gave her half the money he won the night before.  ¡Ã‚ §Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ¥It will buy a handsome wedding present for Sister Janet! ¡Ã‚ ¦ she exclaimed, smoothing out the bills as she counted them one by one, ¡Ã‚ ¨(15). Edna is spoiled by all of her husbands money. Another example of how Edna ¡Ã‚ ¦s immaturity allows her to mature is when Edna swam like a baby when she went swimming for the first time, and she had over estimated her power.  ¡Ã‚ §Once she turned and looked toward the shore, toward the people she had left there. She had not gone any great distance ¡Kshe made no mention of her encounter with death and her flash of terror, except to say to her husband,  ¡Ã‚ ¥I thought I should have perished out there alone. ¡Ã‚ ¦  ¡Ã‚ ¥You were not so very far, my dear; I was watching you. ¡Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ¨(48). This shows the reader that Edna is still like a baby in that her husband was watching her while she was swimming. Edna had no idea that she could even... ...g, and it was late ¡Khe filled his match safe, but did not light his cigarette until he left her, after she had expressed her willingness to go to the races with him again, ¡Ã‚ ¨ (125). By her staying with Arobin, and defying her husbands ¡Ã‚ ¦ wishes, which is immature, she is in a way maturing  ¡V this demonstrates the irony in Edna ¡Ã‚ ¦s life, to be mature she must first be immature. She is learning to make decisions on her own.  ¡Ã‚ §Madame Lebrun might have enjoyed the outgoing, but for some reason Edna did not want her. So they went alone, she and Arobin, ¡Ã‚ ¨ (127). Again Edna is acting immaturely, and foolishly by going with Arobin alone, which will help her to mature. In conclusion, for Edna Pontellier to mature, she had to first act immaturely which made Edna ¡Ã‚ ¦s life a complete paradox, continually contradicting itself.  ¡Ã‚ §The voice of the sea is seductive, never ceasing, whispering, clamoring, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander in abysses of solitude ¡Kthe water was deep, but she lifted her white body and reached out with a long, sweeping stroke. The touch of the sea is sensuous, enfolding the body in its soft, close embrace, ¡Ã‚ ¨(189). Edna ended her life in the sea, her final awakening.

Journeys End Courseowkr Essay

Explain the ways in which R. C. Sherriff conveys a sense of the horror of war in Journey’s End with detailed reference to three extracts from the play. How could a film director enhance this sense of horror on the screen? Journeys End, the seventh most famous play written by R. C Sherriff in 1929, set in Saint-Quentin, France, in 1918, gives us brief glimpse into the experiences of the officers of a British Army infantry company in World War I by showing us 6 days in a dugout of the front line. It is about a 21 year old Captain Stanhope, and after having spent nearly three years in the trenches without any significant leave, has taken to drinking heavily to control his nerves and to ease the stress of trench warfare. The play brings us through many different themes and genre’s throughout, from death, to love and friendship, comadeship, to ‘class’, and the scarring effects of war, and to the horror’s of war. What interests me is that the play stays only on the single set of what is the dugouts. They are dark, underground rooms where the officers of a British company eat, sleep and talk about what is going on in the trenches just outside, yet you can still, yourself, experience what the war was like. You are not faced with your usual heroic commander who saves the day in the end, instead there is Stanhope, a heavy drinker, affected by three years of war. And the play doesn’t have courageous battle scenes and huge explosions, or a valiant death bed scene. Instead, the horror’s of war are portrayed through the waiting and the suspense of not knowing what’s going to happen next, the characters trying to find security and comfort in anyway possible, the way they would do anything to get out of there. Fear and cowardice is shown a lot in this play, which is very different from your usual courageous soldiers, ready for battle. The authenticity of the play is what makes it original. It actually shows what really went on in the trenches. A particular, during act two, the audience experience a one of the soliders, Hibbert, trying to get out of the war but pretending that he had neuralgia. Hibbert is becoming effected from the war, and is generally scared of having to go up and fight. By now in the play, the men are expecting an attack in about two days, and as it draws closer, Hibbert is becoming more nervous and terrified. At first, he tries hinting the fact that he is supposedly â€Å"ill† towards the commander, Stanhope, but in the end, he almost impatiently declares that he has to â€Å"go down† the line to a hospital, when he says â€Å"It’s no good. I’ve tried damned hard, but I must go down. † Stanhope, a commander three years, has already seen this sort of behaviour and many men trying to get out of going to battle, and obviously see’s past this or does not think that neuralgia is an excuse to go to hospital. The scene goes on to the point where Stanhope and Hibbert get into a struggling fight, where Hibbert asks Stanhope to shoot him. This shows the horror’s of war because the character Hibbert is desperate to get out and go home because he knows that the attack is near. It’s not the actual war and the actual battle that is particularly horrifying, but having to wait for it, knowing that it’s going to happen, and being not completely one hundred percent sure that you’re going to come out alive is what is haunting Hibbert. The director could develop the horror of this scene on the screen by making the sounds of the distant guns and explosions a bit more taunting, almost as if Hibbert is getting more and more scared as the attack comes closer. Hibbert should also be shorter than Stanhope because Stanhope is more of an intimidating figure who is in charge, whilst Hibbert is a cowering soldier trying to get home. The actor playing Hibbert shout also be stuttering, not sure what to say or do because Stanhope is telling him that â€Å"No man’s sent down unless he’s very ill. There’s nothing wrong with you. † Hibbert is inconsolable and should be acting like he’s trying to make up more excuses why he should be sent home, almost pleadingly, as he says lines like â€Å"Stanhope – if only you knew how awful I feel – Please do let me go by -. † Hibbert gets very distressed and says things like â€Å"What the hell-! † and Stanhope and him get into a fight. Stanhope should be stronger and more skilled than Hibbert as he is trying to get away and disobey him, so the thrusting and the struggles from Hibbert should be pathetic and weak, quivering, and Stanhope should be firm and almost unfazed. The whole point of this scene is having to face reality and not really believing what you waited for, for so long, and feared was going to finally happen. The lighting should be dark and there should be shadows on Hibbert’s face, showing how distraught he is and possibly the lack of sleep. There should be a lot of close up shots as well to see character reactions, and some long shots to show the character’s difference and maybe, their similarity, how they are both afraid but are reacting but are handling it in different ways. A lot in the play, we see a lot of how the men cope with the dread of being in the war, and the upcoming attacks. The constant talk of food whenever the topic of attacks and the war comes into the conversation, Stanhope’s drinking problems, and pretending they have illnesses so they could have a shot at trying to go home. Osborne is seen as an â€Å"uncle† figure between the officers for his avuncular manner, and at one point in the play, Osborne is reading an extract from Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland. Raleigh questions him on why he is reading a children’s book which doesn’t make sense, but it seems that Osborne is comforting himself by going back to times where he was safe and secure in his childhood memories. Before Osborne reads the extract from Alice In Wonderland, Raleigh and him were talking about the raid, possibly lots of dramatic pauses, trying to avoid eye contact, when Osborne quickly changes the subject and reads more of Alice In Wonderland, leading them into a completely different conversation about Raleigh’s home town. This scene should be acted as if Osborne is showing his first vulnerability in the play, taking comfort in his childhood memories, when he was away from the war, and in a safe and secure environment. When Raleigh comes over, he tries to adopt his fatherly figure. Raleigh is still very new to all this, so he is very naive and almost acts as if he is looking forward to this raid. The actors should say the lines from Alice In Wonderland as if they were haunting and not comforting at all. Osborne and Raleigh should be quite awkward and trying to avoid eye contact, sadly contemplating what they miss. Another horror of war portrayed in this play is the lack of certain possessions and things that the men cannot have whilst in the dug out. It being good food, comfort, sleep and even women. Throughout the play, the men are constantly referring back to food or their lives back home, and at one point, looking at pictures of naked women together. In the war, the men are deprived from these things. The deaths of two of the most important characters in the play Osborne, the paternal figure, and Raleigh, the figure of innocence and naivety are extremely important, as are their effects on Stanhope and are another horror of war. When Raleigh is dying from a shell hitting his back, he is paralysed, and is with Stanhope in his dying moments. Stanhope, who, from his drinking and paranoia, had always been very distant and cold towards Raleigh because he thought that he could write home to his sister about how much of a wreck he was, was now showing a new and comforting side of himself, calling Raleigh â€Å"Jimmy† and â€Å"old boy. † Even now, Raleigh is naive, thinking that there is something on his legs as he cannot move them, saying that he is â€Å"feeling rotten, lying down here when everyone else is up there. † By now, Stanhope would be desperately trying to comfort Raleigh, hoping that he would get lucky and possibly survive his injury, but through this scene you can tell that Raleigh’s voice is getting even more distant and softer as he is slowly getting weaker. The lighting should be soft and with some shadows to represent Raleigh’s fading life and the sound of the raid should still be going on. When Raleigh dies, Stanhope is left alone to face the rest of the war on his own, another revulsion of war. This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our AS and A Level War Poetry section.

Motivating a clerical assistant

It has been found out that morale and high productivity or output always go together. They have a positive correlation. If the worker likes his work, his fellow worker , and the company, his high productivity will bring him increased acceptance and prestige among the workers and management, as well as increase in pay and advancement in position. He finds these things rewarding and is stimulated to work conscientiously. As a wise and effective supervisor to the clerical assistant, I should aim at both high morale and high productivity to be developed and sustained during these times and in the coming hectic season. Some specific things I can do: 1. Provide good physical conditions for work. I cannot literally give to the assistant because I do not own the company nor even position myself as the manager. But I will try to influence my big boss/es that those things that can help improve his/her work be provided like small amenities as supply of office materials needed to speed up his/her work to a ventilated workplace. 2. Reduce work frustration on the job to a minimum by means of a good environment and/or working relationship. 3. Treat him/her as one that has a personality that can be hurt. Hence, with the assistant around, I will influence others in treating the assistant as somebody who is needed and must be encouraged by thoughtful words and tact. 4. Have a good communication system. This is related with item #3. It is my job to facilitate smooth flow of interrelationships in the department. I believe I can do this by proper feedback of things that add credit to the assistant and back to others especially the director. The person with high morale has confidence in himself, thinks his work is worth doing and that he is doing a good job (Landy, 1985). Perhaps, one good exchange I can probably offer him/her is flexible working hours. I can suggest this to the management especially when the assistant has other pressing responsibilities at home. Another is schedule trips that can be given away as incentives after the hectic season (Baron, 1983). Reference: 1. Baron, R. Behavior in Organizations: Understanding and Managing the Human Side of Work, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1983. 2. Landy, F.J. Psychology of Work Behavior (3rd edition). Dorsey press, 1985. Â  

Training and Development Program for Bass Pro

Training and Development program for Bass Pro Shops Top Managers Training and Development Final paper Bass Pro Shop Company Overview Bass Pro Shop (Outdoor World) is a private retailer known of selling hunting, fishing and camping gear related to all outdoor and recreational activities that started in Missouri in 1972. By 1974, Bass Pro Shops became very popular and its first catalog first was mailed out. Soon, it became the world's largest mail order sporting goods store. Around 1995, Bass Pro Shops Sportsman's Warehouse opened in Atlanta, Georgia, its first store outside the state of Missouri.Today, Bass Pro Shops became one of America’s premier outdoor retail leaders serving over 75 million sportsmen. Bass Pro Shops have over 39 stores within the US and have several other stores that do not fall under the Outdoor World flagship brand The article we will be analyzing for this paper is called, Bass Pro Failed to Hire Blacks and Hispanics at its Stores Nationwide, EEOC Says in Suit. The article was press released on September 21, 2011 by The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.Bass Pro Shop Outdoor World is being accused in a nationwide federal lawsuit of discriminating against qualified black and Hispanic employees and applicants since 2005 (EEOC, 2011). Bass Pro Shops is additionally being accused of retaliation against employees who were against the discriminatory practices, firing them or forcing them to quit their jobs. They also destroyed or did not save documents associated to internal discrimination complaints that made racially derogatory remarks about minority employees and employment applications.In the lawsuit it cited examples from Texas, Louisiana, Alabama and Indiana showing a national pattern of discrimination. Analysis of the EEOC Article This topic and article was chosen by our team from the EEOC website for the following reasons: 1) It is a credited article 2) It includes the findings and the fact based upon the EEOC filled t he lawsuits against Bass Pro 3) It is well written, accurate, verifiable, clear and concise 4) Broad in its coverage: (a) It addresses the main aspects of the topic; and b) It stays focused on the topic without going into unnecessary detail 5) Neutral: it represents viewpoints fairly and without bias, giving due weight to each. 6) It is very detailed in the findings and investigation processes. 7) It provides information and help for those who have been discriminated against and never dared to file a lawsuit or complain. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is a federal agency charged with enforcing antidiscrimination laws in employment.The EEOC found evidence of nationwide discrimination by Brass Pro under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, â€Å"which prohibits discrimination based on race and national origin, and prohibits employers from retaliating against employees who complain about employment discrimination and requires them to keep certain employment recordsà ¢â‚¬ . (EEOC, 2012) Bass Pro is been held responsible for consistently denying jobs to qualified minorities based on their race (African-American), ethnicity (Hispanic or Latino) or national origin not their skills, knowledge, abilities or work experience.The EEOC did an investigation and found statistical evidence based on the number of minority employees working nationwide for this employer that Bass Pro has engaged in discriminatory hiring procedures. The underrepresentation of minority employees and applicants was so noticeable that the possibility that it could happen without discrimination is extremely small. The EEOC found plenty of data to accuse Bass Pro with a national pattern of discrimination. In the lawsuit there were a number of examples of racially derogatory remarks made by management at different Bass Pro stores.Some of the examples are the following: â€Å"it is getting a little dark in here, you need to hire some white people†, â€Å"Hispanics are wetback s†, â€Å"Hispanics should be shot at the boarder by the Border Patrol†, â€Å"hiring black candidates did not fit the corporate profile. † (Samuel, Post, 2011) The EEOC also specified in the lawsuit that Bass Pro did not offer any evidence that the company is using fair hiring practices. On the EEOC website you can find what is considered Race/Color Discrimination and Harassment.The EEOC considers harassment to include, â€Å"racial slurs, offensive or derogatory remarks about a person’s race or color. Harassment is illegal when it is so frequent or severe that it creates a hostile or offensive work environment or when it results in an adverse employment decision such as the victim being fired or demoted † (EEOC, 2011). The reason Bass Pro is being sued by the EEOC is because they believe they have a case against them based on the evidence and data they collected throughout the investigation. Needs Assessment Organizational Analysis:The top manager s of Bass Pro Shops are reluctant to apply diversity practices on their recruitment processes, which has significantly damage their reputation and organizational climate. The successful implementation of a training and development method focused on promoting diversity will attract more customers and skilled employees to Bass pro shops stores. Thus, improving the reputation of the company in both employees and customers. The lawsuits derived from their discrimination practices has already damage Bass Pro’s reputation and might jeopardize their cost structure.Thus, the implementation of a diversity training method is a good strategy to change the top managers mindset and promote the benefits of having a diverse workforce across the organization. Person Analysis: The top managers of bass pro shops need to be trained to understand the importance of having diverse workforce across the organization. This means, that trainers should ensure that the managers are committed with the tr aining before the implementation of the program.According to (Brighthub, 2011) it is essential for managers to understand the problem they are involved in and be mentally committed to change their mindset regarding discrimination acts. On the other hand, the managers of Bass pro shops have sufficient technical skills that allow them to utilize technological equipment and understand software solutions that the training program might contain. Task Analysis: The task analysis would be focused on the top manager’s job. The activities that the program contain involve the interaction of top managers with non-white employees.The main objective of the interactive activities is to break up with the existing bias that top managers have of non-white employees. Thus, the creation of activities that require the collaboration of both managers and employees will improve the knowledge and skills that top managers require to get along with non-white employees. Recommendation: According the in formation stated in the article, Bass pro shops have four main issues that we as consultants are trying to address by the implementation of a training and development program for the top managers of the organization.The four main issues include, the misconception of the basic assumption, which is the organization necessity to hire only white people in order to maintain customers satisfaction; the legal implications derived from their discriminatory practices against afro-American and Hispanic people in their hiring policies; the potential high costs of losing the case and the bad reputation the organization might build with these discriminatory practices. According to (Noe, 2010), There are six stages that the training and development method should accomplish in order to positively impact the main issues that the organization is facing.These include: Ensuring Managers’ Readiness for Training & Creating a Learning Environment in an open dialog with diversity counselors. This i s very important because managers can get feedback regarding their performances. That way, the manager can evaluate the employees perspectives regarding his/her own diversity practices. According to (PACT Training, 2006) The development plan of a succesful training and development program should always start with the definition of the learning outcomes. There are two learning outcomes of the training and development plan for Bass Pro Shops.The first learning outcome is to increase the knowledge of top managers about discrimination acts, and the seccond learning outcome is to build in top managers, skills and behaviors that enables them to effectively apply diversity practices. If managers successfuly learn how to apply these two expected outcomes, there must be a decrease in the number of complaints and litigations against the Bass pro shops. Thus, reducing the potential costs derived from lawsuits and improving their public image. A Cost-benefit analysis will also be a part of the developing plan.Costs such as the purchase of the training program, learning materials, equipments, facilities, and the salary of trainers will be included in the analysis. Some of the specific benefits that the program will pursue include: improvement of managers performance derived from diversity practices, increase of the number of customers, increasing sales of products, and cost saving derived from a decrease in lawsuit payments. Selecting Training Method The training program has to be in adherence to the legislation.Bass Pro Shops need a training program that helps its managers to understand when their behaviors violate the equal employment opportunity laws. Some of the strategies used to enforce this knowledge include: †¢ Encourage managers to learn about Title VII online. Managers can the web to self-train their knowledge about laws. When the self-training is finished, use evaluation test such as online tests or paper-based tests to evaluate the learning outcomes. †¢ Use case studies (Noe, 2010), to encourage anagers to understand the legislation. Managers might find in case studies, a more practical exercise to learn about behaviors that may violate the law. †¢ Incorporate diversity-related news items into the content of the program (PACT Training, 2006). For example, the article mentioned that Abercrombie & Finch had to paid over $50 million dollars to settle employment discrimination suits in 2004. This type of news might increase the awareness of top managers about the implications of engaging in discriminatory practices. Conduct adventure learning activities that encourage the interaction of top managers with non-white employees (Noe, 2010). These type of activities promote trust between the two groups, which allows top managers to deeply observe the characteristics of non-white employees. Thus, improving the managers ability to hire based on skills qualifications rather than hiring based on a specific race. Monitoring and evaluatin g the program There are different techniques that Bass pro Shops can use to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the training program.Bass Pro Shops can use test methods to evaluate the impact of the training. These test can be conducted online and paper-based, and they will be focused in measuring the training outcomes. Some of the tests that Bass pro shop can use to evaluate the training program include: Performance appraisal and pretest/posttest evaluation methods (Noe, 2010). Both of these evaluation methods will strive to evaluate the extent to which the top managers apply diversity practices in the organization, and how the results are aligned to what was taught, practiced and expected.Additionally, they will also measure the extent to which the employees performance has improved as a result of the diversity practices. Bass pro shops can also encourage managers to research about workforce diversity best practices and continuously put new practices into action as a part of the monitoring process of the program. These new practices maximize the skills, satisfaction and retention of the employees as well as promoting a continuous learning environment. References Basspro. com (2012). Retrieval April 3, 2012, from Bassproshop Website: http://www. basspro. com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/CFPageC? storeId=10151&ca

Case study analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Analysis - Case Study Example For this case, the hotel ventured into launching a nationwide campaign for to go green without losing its customers. The firm had a challenge of balancing its corporate strategies with environmental management plans (Slye, 2015). The hotel needed a personnel, who could engineer the delivery of excellent and trendy hotel experiences and at the same time, reduce the hotel’s ecological footprints. The hotel chose on Business Evolution Consulting as the project manager and the latter firm helped to formulate a plan called the Kimpton EarthCare (Slye 2015). The program so far has remarkable benefits to both the hotel group’s management and customer experience. Planning the project occurred in three phases, the first of which was of remarkable success. The remaining two faces of the project are yet to be completed. They include a recycling project, and replacement of the hotel equipment including fabrics with organic materials. The two latter projects faced objection from a section of stakeholders. In ensuring proper and reasonable arguments on the returns from investing in the two projects, there is a need for a review of fundamental lessons from the first project. The first lesson for stakeholders is the fact that the firm has a desire for excellence and creation of difference in approach to balance between corporate strategies and management of the environment. For such a case, it is justified all stakeholders in the corporation should consider that there has already been past success (Silverman & Thomas, 2006). Success is because the company put the project as a part of its vision. There is a generalized ideology for the advocacy for environmental care among the business across the globe. The company already has a history of venturing into managing the environment, which makes it unique among the customers. Some people may consider that the Green initiative is no longer news to the public because the corporate headquarters has the plan

Human Resource Management in Global Economy Essay

Human Resource Management in Global Economy - Essay Example Moreover, they should be more adaptable, resilient, agile, and customer-focused to succeed. And within this change in environment, the Human Resource managers have to change in order to become a strategic partner, an employee sponsor or advocate, and a change mentor within the organisation. In order to succeed, Human Resource Management must be a business-driven function with a clear understanding of the organisation's ultimate goals and be able to influence essential decisions and policies of the organisation. Generally, the emphasis of modern day Human Resource manager is on strategic personnel preservation and skills advancement. Human Resource professionals will be coaches, counselors, mentors, and succession planners to help motivate organisation's members and their loyalty. The Human Resource manager will also promote and fight for values, ethics, beliefs, and spirituality within their organisations, especially in the management of workplace diversity (Chan, 2004). Business organisations today have a clear and accelerating tendency toward downsizing that is the slow and methodical dismantling of an area - its redefinition and decentralization in the direction of the other areas of the company. Human Resource Management is not an exception on this trend. ... y, decentralising decision-making, debureaucratisation, deregulation, separation into strategic business units, continuous quality improvement programs, reengineering, and other trends in contemporary administration are accompanied by equivalent changes in people management (Chiavenato, 2001). HRM departments are on their way out The Human resource management department is on its way out. The concept of "human resource management" is being replaced by a new term that is garnering greater reception, namely 'people management.' 'Managing people is progressively more becoming the accountability of the middle management. Employees are now considered as human beings, not simply organisational resources or assets. Their activities and individual differences are being understood and respected, because they are gifted with unique personalities and intelligence, and differentiated aptitudes, knowledge and abilities. To the extreme, some more advanced organisations do not even talk about managing people, because this concept could imply that people are simply passive agents who depend on decisions from higher levels, rather Human Resource managers talk about managing with people, making employees more of business partners than alien entity separate from the organisation. This whole new concept means that workers from all levels of the organisation are considered responsible for, as well as involved in the organisation's business (Chiavenato, 2001). Computerisation of HRM functionsIn order to reduce the manual workload of Human Resource Department's repetitive administrative activities, organisations began to electronically automate many of these processes by introducing innovative HRMS (Human Resource Management Systems/HCM

How Nurses Can Improve Nutritional Safety Research Paper

How Nurses Can Improve Nutritional Safety - Research Paper Example Monitoring of Patients †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 v. Replacement Meals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...14 Key Terms Standards: Refers to a level of quality against which performance can be measured. Protected Meal times: Described as protected uninterrupted time to focus on providing an environmen t conducive to eating, when there are no clinical interventions and all staff focus on people’s nutritional needs Screening: Refers to the process of identifying patients already malnourished or at the risk of becoming malnourished. Assessment: Refers to a more detailed process than screening where a range of specific methods are employed to identify and quantify impairment of. nutritional status. Nutritional needs or requirements: These are indispensable nutritional individual demands. Crockery: refers to tableware, eating and serving dishes collectively. Utensils: refers to implements for practical use; especially in a household. Introduction Nutrition and food experience are imperial to a patient. Not only is food essential for life and symbolizes a basic human right, but It is also a basis for extensive enjoyment, with vital social, religious and cultural roles all of which require deliberation within a health care unit. The provision of food and nutritional care in healt h care centers is a complex field of service and is the obligation of many members of the hospital team. This is a varied team that consists of the clinical staff: nurses, doctors, midwives, speech and language therapists, dieticians, domestic and catering health care assistants, and therapy assistants. For patients to get high quality service and get optimum benefit from food, all the members of the health care unit must work together and must â€Å"do their bit† in partnership with the caretakers. Nurses offer nursing services 24 hours a day, and for this reason, nurses are the only group in a health care center who have direct contact with the patient during meal times and any other time of the day. Therefore, nurses play an essential role in nutritional care and meal experience of the patients. Nurses have a broad obligation in a hospital. Their responsibilities include assessment planning, screening, serving, monitoring, practical assistance with drinking and eating and on occasion, preparation of food in the ward area. Nurses are answerable for their practice in the hospital in all facets of nutritional care, provision of food and drinks. Nurses should deliver services and care to the highest standard possible. Nurses and midwives in the United States are committed offering the best possible care and treatment to patients. As the health workers who spend most of the time with the patients, nurses have an enormous possibility to improve patient safety in relation to nutrition care, drinking and eating. This potency can only be realized by focusing on improving aspects of food, fluid and nutritional

Experimental economics, summary paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Experimental economics, summary paper - Essay Example The winners curse cannot occur if all bidders are rational, thus when the winner curse occurs it is considered a market anomaly. In an auction marketplace in which they are a lot of bidders one must utilized a more aggressive bidding strategy. Another risk associated with auctions in which there are lots of participants is for the winner to overstate the value of the item. In 1983 Max Bazerman and William Samuelson conducted an experiment on MBA students to test the winner’s curve concept. They filled cookie jars with coins and they ask the students to make money bids for the cookie jar full of change. All cookie jars were valued at $8.00, but this variable was unknown to the participants. The results were that the mean winning bid was $10.01 which means that student overestimated the value by $2.01. The winners were cursed with an item that was worth less than what they paid for. Often economic anomalies occur due to the existence of asymmetric information. An industry in whi ch there are often projects that can be worth millions or nothing is the oil business. When companies make bids on oil exploration project the bids are done knowing that there is a possibility of complete failure. Market anomalies offer occur in these types of auctions.

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Reflection Paper - Essay Example Through this means, I believe I will be among the 80 percent nurse graduates with the baccalaureate degree by the year 2020. It is also important that health care organizations offer tuition reimbursement to help develop a culture that promotes further education, and giving promotion and salary differential according to Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (n.d). b). It is important that the quality of healthcare be improved to a higher level. This can only be realized through research and development with the aim of increasing diversity by ensuring that more nurses in the country acquire a doctorate. In this connection, for me to fit into this 5th recommendation of IOM, I will ensure that I enroll for a doctorate program in the next five years after graduating with a baccalaureate degree. It is also acknowledgeable that this would require a lot of funding and dedication from an individual and schools and the public at large. However, since I have a lot of passion for education that would enable me better the lives of others in the future, sky is the limit. In case I find it difficult to get tuition fees, I will seek for assistance from well wishers and the government to offer me a scholarship. In the end, I believe I will among those who form part of the double digit number of those with a doctorate by the year 2020. It would also be benef icial for university trustees and academic administrators create salary and benefit packages that are competitive in the market to recruit highly qualified academic and clinical nurses like myself. c). For me to be able to fit into the sixth recommendation of IOM future for nursing, it would be imperative for faculty and healthcare organizations to create, and priorities competencies so that curricula can regularly be updated to ensure that graduates at all stages are well prepared to meet both

Memory Keepers Daughter Literary Analysis Essay Example for Free

Memory Keepers Daughter Literary Analysis Essay Kim Edwards shows through the whole book that we are only human, the themes that life is beyond our control and through the connection between suffering and joy. Edwards uses plot to set up a sort of life schedule. It goes in order into the future but occasionally skips years ahead. She also cleverly sets the book up so that each year, or â€Å"chapter† has both sides of the story, that of Caroline who is raising Phoebe and then the life of Norah and David raising their son Paul. As the book starts off it is that of a happy tone with Norah giving birth and then leading to a depressing and melancholy tone as Dr. Henry lies to his wife telling her that their daughter has died, to save her from the pain of their daughter having down syndrome. Norah gains more and more depression as the years go on, always wondering â€Å"what if†. With all the depression going on in the story line of Norah there is a gain of strength in Carolines story line as she raises Phoebe. This shows the theme of suffering and joy. The idea that even though the character is suffering they are the one with the most joy. Norah Henry has it all: the doctor husband, money and a healthy son but still wants what she never had; her daughter. Caroline has struggled with at first the decision to keep Phoebe and raise her as her own, then struggling with actually raising this baby girl with down syndrome alone and with no one, but she is joyful in the book never having the depression that plagues Norah and her marriage with David Henry. When Caroline finally sees David 18 years later, she says: You missed a lot of heartache, sure. But David, you missed a lot of joy. In the theme that life is beyond our control the author Kim Edwards has the book move through the years rapidly and at a fast pace in order to demonstrate how life flys by. Throughout the book Edwards uses photography as a metaphor showing the character Davids growing obsession with taking photographs as a desperate attempt to make time stand still: Photo after photo, as if he could stop time or make an image powerful nough to obscure the moment when he turned and handed his daughter to Caroline Gill. Life may also feel as it is out of their control with there being a constant aura of uncertainty or â€Å"what if† quality. That being said, the characters in the end will always wonder what life would have been like if David had never given his daughter away, but find it exhausting to wonder once they are brought together in the end after the death of David. As Paul reflects at the end of the novel: His mother was right; he could never know what might have happened. All he had were the facts. Life was also seeming to be out of anyones control with the struggle of the melancholy tone through the novel with Norah becoming more and more depressed becoming that of a drinker in Pauls young life and then being so unhappy with her marriage with David for him being so distant that she has an affair with a man while she is on a trip to Aruba with her job. Even with the tone the author seems to have it progress in a rapid fashion just as the years fly by in the story line. Life is inevitable, people make mistakes, and the mistakes people make have great impact and effect not only them, but the people around them; just as David Henrys mistake haunted his life and tormented that of his wifes. In day to day life there are always the people that make mistakes with good intentions. The authors point wasnt to completely make David the antagonist in the story but yet he was that one person whos mistake was made with half hearted good intentions, he wanted to spare his doting wife the pain of having to raise one child with down syndrome, he didnt want her to think that it was her fault in anyway. David just wanted the problem to go away not fully realizing that the problem wasnt his daughter it was him having to deal with his own past. David Henrys sister died at the young age of twelve and she had down syndrome as well, it is really sad that this character couldnt deal with his own past so much that he ruined his present and his future. He knew the pain that his sister having down syndrome had left on him and her death that not only was he trying to spare his wife the pain of having a daughter with down syndrome but yet the author was trying to convey to the reader that he also did it to protect his son from it as well. Norah becomes the character you feel bad for not a protagonist but yet just that good character whos life unfolding before her is the result of decisions from those around her. She is constantly depressed from thinking she lost her daughter, then she is also gaining more and more eternal sadness with her husband not letting her gain any sort of closure with this or even to simply tell her the truth of his actions and what he had done. The relationship between Norah and David grows further and further apart with him setting himself more distant from her as time goes on due to his guilty conscious eating away at him. Then on a happy note you have Caroline, she turned her whole life around for the life choices of David and that of herself. She raises Phoebe alone at first always fighting for more advanced learning abilities for down syndrome, she gains a man in her life named Al who helped her in the very beginning get to shelter when she had decided to keep the baby but then her car wont start in the middle of a blizzard, he becomes her knight in shining armor. Al becomes a big character having sought out Caroline after years and years of that first encounter with her and stays in her life loving and caring for both her and Phoebe, he becomes the father figure Phoebe never got to have. Kim Edwards set up all the right kind of characters for this plot and in every right way to develop the novel. In the end the themes of life being out of our control and the connection between suffering and joy are evident throughout the story. Kim Edwards used immense characterization that helped to develop those following themes with having the right selection of types of characters. The plot definitely has to do with developing the story, for it ties in with the life is out of our control theme having time go by so rapidly demonstrating that life is always constant and never stopping or standing still like a photograph for anyone or anything. Photos represent memories in life, David became enthralled with taking photographs in an effort to make time stop, maybe capture the memory he had when he made the decision to give his daughter away. The metaphor of David and his taking pictures ties into the Title â€Å"the memory keepers daughter† for he was the memory keeper, the keeper of the biggest life secret and lie. Kim Edwards made everything tie together with literary elements of metaphor, characterization, and Plot.